《尚书·尧典》“黎民于变时雍”经解新说——兼论经典训释变化与社会时代诉求转变之关系    杨宝珠、杨庆存

《尚书》既是弥足珍贵的中国古代第一部历史文献散文集，又是中华民族优秀传统文化经典的代表作。开篇《尧典》“黎民于变时雍”句历代释义为“百姓在尧政下变得雍和”，然而通读上下文，会发现此句释义与前后矛盾龃龉。梳理“雍”“黎民”“变时”等词语的本义与衍生义，并结合上下文运用大量笔墨描写制定历法的内容，可知此句与农耕时令有关，应释义为“百姓在时令变换这件事上不清楚”。此外，在《汉书》保留的一则汉成帝诏书中，今文经学对此句的引用使用语境明显与农耕时令有关。经学释义的变化，反映的是时代诉求的变化，随着生产力水平提高，农耕技术已经不再是困扰人们的第一难题，取而代之的是生产关系与社会结构的重塑与维护。

A New Interpretation of the Sentence “The Result is Universal Concord” in “Cannon of Yao”of The Book of Documents: With a Discussion of the Relation between the Changes of Classical Interpretation and the Change of Needs of the Time and Society    Yang Baozhu, Yang Qingcun

The Book of Documents is not only a precious collection of the first historical documents in ancient China, but also a masterpiece of the fine traditional Chinese culture of the Chinese nation. In the opening chapter of “Cannon of Yao”, the traditional interpretation of the sentence was “the people became harmonious under the policy of the Yao government.” However, it can be found that the interpretation of this sentence is inconsistent with the inconsistency. Combing the original meaning and derivative meaning of the key words in this sentence, and the context to describe the making of calendar, it can be said that this sentence is related to farming season, and should be interpreted as “people were confused about the seasonal order.” In addition, in one ordinance of Emperor Chengdi preserved in the Book of Han, the use of this sentence in the context of the text is obviously related to the farming season. The change in the interpretation of the classics reflects the changes in the demands of the times. With the improvement of the level of productivity, farming technology is no longer the first problem that plagues people. Instead, it reshapes and maintains the production relations and social structure.