学人喜欢用一种华夏主义的眼光来安置和评价胡人在中国历史上的位置和特性，却忽视了胡人的历史特质以及对汉人观念的冲击乃至颠覆。胡人在汉人的帝王之间加入了一个新位阶，从而构成了王→天王→皇帝三级序列。汉人说“胡人不能为帝”，结果五胡十六国彻底否定了这个命题。胡帝入主中国的过程，不仅是学习和融入中华文明体系的过程，同时也是反思和修正中华道统谱系的过程。胡人观念影响中国思想的方式是实践而非思辨。胡人观念对中国思想史的最大贡献是，证明了皇权主义是一个充满活力的开放性政教文明体系。

Changing the Barbarian to Comply with Cathay: An Analysis of the Political Idea and Practice of the Five Barbarians

Lei Ge

Scholars tend to arrange and evaluate the position and characteristics of the Northern Barbarians in Chinese history in a perspective of Huaxia centralism, but negelect the historical traits of the barbarians as well as their impact and even subversion of the ideas of the Han people. The barbarians added a new rank in the emperor and king system of Han, and made it a three-level sequence of king, heavenly king, and emperor. The Han people said that the barbarians cannot be emperor, yet the Five Barbarians and the Sixteen Kingdoms thoroughly denied this proposition. The course of the barbarian emperors entered and hosted central China is not only a course that they learning and integrating into Chinese civilization, but also a course that they reflecting and revising the pedigree of Chinese orthodoxy. The ideas of the barbarian people influenced Chinese thought by means of practice but not thinking. The greatest contribution of their ideas to Chinese intellectual history is to prove that the imperial power system is a lifeful and open system of political and moral civilization.