摆脱秦政：走向共和的内在理由    唐文明

晚清士人对共和制的接受有着极其重要的内在理由，即基于传统思想中理想的政教典范而对秦以来君主制政治的批判。大同、小康与无君这三种传统政教理想，虽然旨趣各异，但在后世的继承者那里都被用来反对秦政，因而在晚清都能发挥批判现实政治的力量。尤其是经过宋儒特意阐发的大同、小康理想，在中国走向共和的现代历程中影响巨大，但随着历史进化论的强势流行，宋儒在阐发大同、小康理想时提出的以道观史的历史哲学和弘教行道的实践主张，都被彻底放弃。

Breaking the Tyranny of the Qin Dynasty: The Internal Reason for Moving towards Republic

Tang Wenming

The important internal reason for the Late Qing scholars accepting republic system lies in the criticism of monarchy since the Qin Dynasty based on political and moral ideals in traditional thought. Although the three kinds of ideals of Great Harmony, Moderate Prosperity, and No King differ in purports, they were all used for opposing the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in later ages, and could exert critical force against realpolitik. The ideals of Great Harmony and Moderate Prosperity elucidated by the Song Confucians had a significant impact on the modern course of China moving towards republic. But with strong predomination of historical evolution, both the historical philosophy of viewing history in the perspective of Dao, and the practical proposition of promoting morals as well as enforcing justice advocated by the Song Confucians, were completely abandoned.