《本事诗》“诗史”说与中晚唐学术脉动    吴怀东

《本事诗》是唐末出现的一部普通笔记小说集，是诗人轶事资料的汇编，因其中最早出现杜甫“诗史”说而引人注目。孟启所谓“诗史”，是指杜诗对个人日常生活的书写及叙事性、纪实性，此观念之产生实与中唐政治革新运动背景下《春秋》学的勃兴，史学大盛以及文、史互动等思想与学术活动存在密切关联。中唐元、白尽管没有使用“史”这一概念，但是，他们挖掘并肯定的杜诗之呈现安史之乱背景下社会政治现实，无疑也属于“史”的范畴。元、白的政治立场虽与孟启不同，指向现实叙事却是一致的，显然元、白与孟启实基于共同之政治与文化背景。宋人《新唐书·杜甫传》以“时事”诠释《本事诗》“诗史”概念，嫁接了元稹、白居易的诗学思想，从此，“诗史”除了保留叙事性、纪实性这一基本内涵外，还具有伦理思想甚至政治之内涵，由叙个人之事转为叙时代之史，与特定的诗歌运动和诗歌类型“新题乐府”发生关联，并指向“三吏”“三别”这类诗歌，恢复了古老的思想与诗学传统，这也奠定了此后乃至今天有关“诗史”的基本认识。

The Theory of “Poet Historian” in Ben Shi Shi and the Academic Pulse in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty

Wu Huaidong

Ben Shi Shi (The Original Poem) is a collection of ordinary note novels that appeared in the late Tang Dynasty. It is a compendium of the poet’s anecdotal information. It was noted Du Fu as “Poet Historian” for the first time and attracted attention. Meng Qi’s so-called “Poet Historian” refers to the writing of Du Fu’s poems on personal daily life and their narrative nature and factuality. This conception has produced prosperity of the studies of Spring and Autumn under the background of political innovation in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and prosperity of the historical theory, History and other ideas , academic activities are closely related. Although the concept of “history” was not used in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, they revealed and affirmed the emergence of Du Fu’s poetry in the context of AnShi Disturbances. Undoubtedly, it also belongs to the category of “history.” Although the political positions of Yuan and Bai are different from those of Meng Qi, they point to the reality of narrative. However, it is clear that Yuan, Bai and Meng Qi are based on the common political and cultural background. The “Biography of Du Fu” in the New Book of Tang interprets the concept of “Poet Historian” in The Original Poem with “current affairs” and grafts the poetic ideas of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. From then on, the “Poet Historian” retains the basics of narrative and factuality. In addition to connotation, it also has the connotation of ethical thought and even politics. It changes from a personal story of Syria to a history of Syria, and it is associated with a specific type of poetry movement and poetic type “Yuefu (“Music Bureau” poems) of new title”, and points to a kind of realistic poems. This type of poetry restores the ancient ideological and poetic traditions, which also lays the basic understanding of “Poet Historian” up to now.