从先秦两汉到魏晋时期，饮酒活动的基本走向是社会和群体意志的色彩逐渐淡化，个人和个体意愿的色彩不断强化。具体来说，魏晋时期文人饮酒的变化轨迹是，其一，从祭祀天神宗教性目的，变而为文人进入自己理想的自由精神境界的导引性媒体；其二，从周代礼制统治强调社会的尊卑秩序和伦理精神，变而为部分文人宣扬反礼教思想的重要行动；其三，从养生(包括养老和养病)的初衷，变而为文人及时行乐的手段和内容；其四，从西周时期的政治领袖人物对其社会政治作用的担忧，变而为名士回避政治的有效借口。这不仅使魏晋文人的社会生活增加了极大的个体色彩和人文精神，而且也对整个中国古代饮酒文化的走向和发展，起到了重要的导引作用。

A Discussion of the Connoation Change in Drinking Culture among the Wei-Jin Celebrities through A New Account of the Tales of the World

Ning Jiayu

From the pre-Qin to the Wei-Jin period, the basic tendency presented as gradual weakening of social and group will with unceasing intensification of individual will. Specifically, the change of literati’s drinking behavior in the Wei-Jin period mainly manifested as the following: first, the religious purpose of offering sacrifice to the God of Heaven changed into a media guiding the literati to their ideal realm of free spirit; second, respect for seniority and ethical spirit emphasized in rule by rites of the Zhou Dynasty changed into important acts of some scholars advocating ideas against ethical code; thirdly, the original intention of health preservation (including convalescence and provision for the aged) changed into the means and content of carpe diem; and fourth, the worry held by political leaders of the Western Zhou about the social and political function of liquor changed into an effective excuse for literati avoiding politics. Those changes not only added personal color and humanistic spirit to literati’s social lives in the Wei-Jin period, but also guided vastly the trend and development of drinking culture in ancient China.