从总体上说，马克思主义与儒学在自觉的意识层面更多地表征为冲突，在不自觉的无意识层面则更多地表征为会通。人们意识到的往往是表层关系，而未曾意识到的则是深层关系。这种深层的会通无疑是多维度的，其实现不仅有赖于特定的历史文化条件和机缘，更有赖于马克思主义和儒学内在地提供的学理上的可能性。在时代性维度上，儒学的前现代性与马克思主义的后现代性，使两者在否定之否定意义上有其会通的机缘；在民族性维度上，中国文化与欧洲大陆文化之间的亲和性，为马克思主义与儒学的会通提供了条件。晚清以来中国传统文化在与西方文化相遇后的严重受挫，第一次世界大战的爆发所显露的西方近代文化的弊病，使国人对东西方文化产生双重失望。这是马克思主义作为第三种可能性被中国人选择的重要历史契机。马克思主义的中国化和中国实际的马克思主义化，在实有层面上表明了马克思主义与儒学之间会通的实现。儒家的“诚”与历史本真性的开显、“天人合一”与马克思的自然界的人化和人的自然化、儒家与马克思主义对人性的超越性的指认、“生生之谓易”与实践辩证法、强调“践履”功夫与实践唯物主义、“大同”理想与共产主义，都在文化原型的层面上显示出马克思主义与儒学会通的学理上的可能性。

How the Integration of Marxism and Confucianism Becomes Possible？

He Zhonghua

On the whole, Marxism and Confucianism are more represented as clash in the level of consciousness, and more represented as integration in the level of unconsciousness. What people are aware of are often superficial relationships, and what they do not realize are deep relationships. This deep integration is mult-dimensional, it not only depends on the specific history and culture conditions and chances, more depends on the probability that Marxism and Confucianism inherently provide theoretically. On the dimension of the times, the pre-modernity of Confucianism and the post-modernity of Marxism make both of them having the chance to make a difference in the negation of negation. On the national dimension, the affinity between Chinese culture and the European mainland culture provided the prerequisites for the integration of Marxism and Confucianism. Since the traditional Chinese culture and western culture met in the late Qing dynasty, the illness of modern Western culture revealed after the First World War gave people double disappointment on eastern and western cultures. This is an important historical opportunity for the Chinese to choose Marxism as the third possibility. The Chinalization of Marxism and the actual Marxism in China show that the integration of Marxism and Confucianism will be realized. Confucian “sincerity” and the true history, “unity of human with heaven” and Marx’s humanization of nature and naturalization of human being, Confucianism and Marxism to identify the transcendence of human nature, “production and reproduction are what is called the process of change”and practical dialectics, emphasis on workmanship of “practice” and practical materialism, the ideal of “great unity” and Communism, all show on the cultural prototype of the integration of Marxism and Confucianism the possibility in theory.