摘要：经过黄巢起义的猛烈冲击，晚唐藩镇的格局在唐末发生了重大的转变。在黄巢起义之前，藩镇的格局可以划分为：河朔长期割据型、河朔一度割据型、中原一度割据（防遏）型、中原长期防遏型、西北长期御边型、西南一度御边（财源）型、东南长期财源型七大类。在黄巢起义之后，根据地域分布、势力强弱、政治目的、任职方式、出身背景乃至蕃汉之别等综合因素，藩镇的格局可以划分为河南型、西部型、河东型、河朔型、南方型五大类，并涌现出了一系列以朱温、李克用等为首的足以开邦建国的强藩。藩镇格局的这一重大转变，主要是在黄巢起义冲击之下，中央朝臣、宫廷宦官和地方藩镇原本大致均衡的三大势力的急剧消长。文臣、宦官势力日益衰落：地方上文官藩帅不断地被武将所取代，宦官赖以专权的神策军也垮掉了，转而寻求以“宦官系武人”来扶植藩镇。地方势力则急剧崛起，并完全掌控了各藩镇的权力，呈独立之势。在这一转变过程中，唐廷所扮演的是无法主持公正和维持秩序的软弱角色，迅即走向终结，历史开始不可逆转地由藩镇割据经五代十国走向宋代的重新统一。

The Impacts of the Huang Chao Rebellion on the Shape of Late Tang Provinces                        Hu Yaofei

After the Huang Chao Rebellion, the shape of Late Tang Dynasty had had a great challenge. Before the Huang Chao Rebellion, there are seven kinds of Provinces (Fanzhen), such as Long-term Independent of Heshuo, Short-term Independent of Heshuo, Short-term Independent (or Prevention) of Zhongyuan, Long-term Prevention of Zhongyuan, Long-term Defensive of Northwest, Short-term Defensive (Finance) of Southwest, and Long-term Finance of Southeast. After the Huang Chao Rebellion, in consideration of district, power, politics, background, and ethnic, the shape of Provinces can be divided into five: Henan, West, Hedong, Heshuo, South. We can illustrate the process from three ways: civilians made great concessions to Militaries, “eunuch militaries” became involved into Provincial politics, and local forces became seize the power of Provinces. Within these process, the Tang Court played a weak role of taking charge of fair.