理性祛魅——货币的发展与演变     冯小茫

人类社会经历了从伦理价值理性主导逐步到经济工具理性支配的转向，货币的理性化是这一转向在经济领域的体现。货币在形式方面经历了简单自然物——贵金属加工物——纸币——虚拟货币的历史过程；在内容方面则从具有自然属性的一般等价物到具有天然内在价值的贵金属，再到信用货币，最终趋向超主权货币或去主权货币。一般授受性是货币的本质特性，货币的“魔魅”是其一般授受性的基础。在货币发展的不同阶段有不同的“魔魅”表现形式，越是靠前的阶段越以自然属性和天然价值为特征。所谓理性祛魅就是货币发展各个阶段的自然属性和天然价值逐渐被祛除，乃至分别被人为形态和创造出的信用所代替的过程。

Rational Disenchantment: The Development and Evolution of Money

Feng Xiaomang

In this essay, the development and evolution of money is studied from the perspective of philosophy, with rational “disenchantment” as a vital clue. In the form aspect, money has undergone a long process of historical development from pure natural substance to handled precious metal, to paper money, and then to fictitious money. In the content aspect, it has developed from common equivalent with natural property to precious metals with natural intrinsic value, and to fiduciary money, with a current tendency towards super-sovereign or no-sovereign money. The enchantment of money comes from its natural property and natural intrinsic value, which have shown different presentations in different historical stages. Its rational disenchantment is understood as a process, in which its natural property and natural intrinsic value in different stages have been constantly removed so that its natural characteristics have been gradually and even totally replaced by factitious characteristics. The rationality applied to the disenchantment of money also continuously develops from social and ethical value rationality to economical and instrumental rationality. Some new forms of the current development of money are mentioned, and such examples of new money form as the Euro and the BTC are preliminarily analyzed.