北美士族研究传统的演变——以姜士彬和伊沛霞研究的异同为线索        范兆飞

北美学人关于中古贵族制研究传统的演变，是美国中国学研究在中古问题上的投影。英文世界的士族研究是不容忽视的重要组成部分。姜士彬和伊沛霞是其中影响最大的两位学者。北美学人研究中古精英阶层的流派，大致以伯克利大学和哥伦比亚大学为代表，当然也有哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等高校的学者参与其中。北美学人研究士族的优劣利弊，如从人类学视角研究士族的身份认同，以及试图回应中古大族和近世宗族的异同等方面，为中国学人研究士族问题提供极为有益的借鉴。他们关于中古政治社会底色、士族政治地位的基本认识，以及关于士族研究的基本路径和理论等方面，大致分化成两个截然对立的学术阵营：主张贵族制者和主张社会流动者，两者相互交叉，相互影响。北美学者研究士族的学术渊源，主要来自日本学界的唐宋变革论和个案研究方法，本土人类学和社会学的士绅精英和宗族研究理论，同时受到华裔汉学家的直接影响，进而融会贯通，形成与中日学者有所区别、独具特色的学术传统。

The Transition of the Academic Traditions on Great Clans of Medieval China in North America:

Focused on the Comparison of Research between David Johnson and Patricia Ebrey                                   Fan Zhaofei

The transition of the theories on the great clans of medieval China in North America, was a witness of Sinology of America which had the important effects on the study of Chinese history. We cannot neglect such research on the great clans by scholars of North America. Most important among them were David Johnson and Patricia Ebrey. Two schools of thought regarding the elite class existed, which were from Columbia University and UC Berkeley. There were also other schools, such as scholars from Harvard University and Stanford University. The scholars of North America would provide us with valuable insights, such as identities of great clans, the comparison of lineages and clans between medieval and modern ages, etc. The scholars became divided into two classes: some scholars proved the idea that medieval Chinese ruling class was a hereditary aristocracy or an oligarchy; others proved that early medieval China was not ruled by an oligarchy, who reacted upon each other. There were three academic lines in the research of great clans in North America: one was influenced by the theory of the Tang-Song transition and the means of case study of Japan scholars, one was influenced by the theory of gentry society and lineages, the other was influenced by sinologists of Chinese descent. They gradually developed into academic traditions with distinctive characteristics.