“正义”概念辨析  

李寿初

摘要：正义是一种价值，实体与标准是它不可或缺的两个要素。正义是实体与标准发生关系时产生的属性，是客体属性而非主体属性。实体是用来交换的社会行为，交换的内容为权利义务，交换的原则为利害相等。标准是主体需要，主体需要不同导致正义表现形式有别。只有人才能作为正义主体是社会的普遍意见。为了人类社会的可持续发展，应当反思人类中心主义思想，认真对待生态伦理学关于动物也是正义主体的基本观点。

An Analysis of the Concept “Justice”                                                          

Li Shouchu

   Justice is a kind of value, and entity and standard are the two indispensable elements of it. It is a property caused by the interaction between entity and standard, being objective but not subjective. The entity is the social behavior for exchange.  The contents of exchange are rights and obligations, and the principle of exchange is equivalent exchange of benefits and harms. The standard is the needs of the subject, and different needs cause different forms of justice. It is a general consensus that only human being can be the subjects of justice. For the sustainable development of human society, we should reflect on the anthropocentric idea, and take the basic opinion of ecological ethics seriously that animals are also the subjects of justice.