作为“正义论”的《资本论》
白 刚
摘要：作为对“资本主义生产方式以及和它相适应的生产关系和交换关系”的研究，《资本论》追求的是一种在根本上超越资本主义生产方式，建构一个“自由人的联合体”，探寻人类从资本的囚笼中获得解放之可能性的“正义论”。《资本论》的“正义论”关注的不再是“物”的形式上的“分配正义”，而是消灭雇佣劳动制的“人”的实质上的“生产正义”——以“自由合作生产”促进人的全面发展。但这一正义仅靠“改良”资本主义不公平的分配方式根本无法实现，而是必须通过彻底“变革”资本主义生产关系、重建“个人所有制”才能真正实现。《资本论》完全可以作为批判和超越资本主义“正义”而构建共产主义正义——“超越正义”的“正义论”来阅读。
Das Kapital as a Theory of Justice
Bai Gang
Abstract: As a study of “the capitalist mode of production, and the condition of production and exchange corresponding to that mode”, Das Kapital pursued a theory of justice which could transcend the capitalist mode of production fundamentally, construct a “community of freemen”, and seek for the possibility of liberating the human being from the cage of capital. What the theory of justice in Das Kapital concerned was no longer the distributive justice in the form of “things”, but essentially the productive justice of human being which eliminates the wage labor, i.e. promoting all-round development of human being with “free and cooperative production”. However, that justice could never be realized by “improving” the unfair capitalist mode of distribution, but it must be truly achieved through changing the capitalist mode of production thoroughly, and reconstructing the individual ownership. Das Kapital can be understood as a theory of justice “transcending justice”, as it criticizes and transcends the capitalist justice as well as constructs the communist justice.
