父权缺失与五四文学的发生
李宗刚
摘要：五四文学创建主体大都在童年或少年时代有着丧父的人生经历，其父权有一个从在场到缺失的过程。父权的缺失，使得中国传统文化的代际传承出现了断裂，约束“子”的外在规范失却了效能。没有了父权的规训，也就意味着由父权所承载的规则、秩序失却了存在的根基。在父权缺失中，促成子权张扬并最终确立的，是晚清政府主导下的新式教育，以及嗣后科举制度的废除。父权的缺失，为这批“没有父亲的孩子”成长为中国传统文化的颠覆者，以及五四新文化和新文学的建构者提供了历史的机缘。当然，五四文学的发生是众多要素共同作用的结果，在此，我们主要侧重于对五四文学创建主体父子关系的考察，分析五四文学的发生与父权缺失有着怎样的内在关系，父权缺失对五四文学的发生究竟起了怎样的作用。
The Lack of Fatherhood and the Germination of the May Fourth Literature
Li Zonggang
Abstract: The subjects of the May Fourth literature mostly experienced the losing of father in their childhood or boyhood, which meant the process of the fatherhood from being present to being absent. The lack of fatherhood had resulted in the breaking of intergenerational inheritance of traditional Chinese culture. Without father’s discipline, the external rules and orders borne by fatherhood that restraining the “son” lost their roots. Under such background, the modern education and latterly the abolition of imperial examination system led by the late Qing government facilitated the right of “son” to display and establish finally. The lack of fatherhood provided the historical opportunity for the group of “children without a father” to grow into the subverters of traditional Chinese culture, as well as the constructers of the May Fourth literature and culture. Of course, the germination of the May Fourth literature resulted from a combination of various factors, and the paper focuses mainly on the father-son relationship of the subjects of the May Fourth literature, and the internal relation between the germination of the May Fourth literature and the lack of fatherhood.
