《史记》文学经典化的重要途径——以明代评点为例
张新科
摘要：《史记》评点是《史记》文学经典化的特殊形态和重要途径之一。明代由于文学复古思潮的涌现、印刷技术的不断发展、史抄史评风气的浓厚等因素，《史记》文学评点随之出现兴盛局面。“点”给读者以提醒，达到“此时无声胜有声”的效果。文字评论涉及《史记》章法、叙事、写人、语言、风格等诸多方面。这些评点，形式灵活多样，多角度阐释《史记》的文学内涵，引导读者细读《史记》，寻找文本中的“密码”， 参与作品价值的实现。《史记》评点体现了评点者的思想、立场和文学素养，对于《史记》的文学经典化起到了积极作用，同时，评点所提出的许多理论问题也促进了古代文学理论的发展。明代的《史记》评点对后来的《史记》评点产生了重要影响。
An Important Way of Records of the Grand Historian into a Classic of Literature: Taking the Comments in the Ming Dynasty for Example
Zhang Xinke
Abstract: The comments on Records of the Grand Historian are one of the special forms and important ways for it becoming a classic of literature. In the Ming Dynasty, with the emergence of retro trend in literature, continuous development of printing technology, as well as strong atmosphere of historical extracts and comments, the literary comments of Records of the Grand Historian flourished, which reminded readers better than speeches. Those comments involved many respects of the book, such as its art of composition, narrative, portrayal, language, and style. Flexible in forms, those comments interpreted the literary connotation of Records of the Grand Historian, as well as led readers to read carefully, to seek “secret codes” in the text, and to participate in realizing the value of the book. The comments reflected the thoughts, positions, and literary attainments of the commentators, which played a positive role in the process of Records of the Grand Historian into a classic of literature. Besides, many theoretical problems presented in the comments also promoted the development of literary theories. The comments on Records of the Grand Historian in the Ming Dynasty had an important impact on the comments on the book of later ages.
