中国哲学中的理性观念
杨国荣
摘要：在中国哲学中，体现于“思”的理性，首先与“心”相关。心之“思”既展开为具体的活动，又以理、道等为内容。从思维的趋向看，中国哲学视域中的理性，更多地呈现辩证的性质。与之相关，在这种理性形态中，认知意义上对事（物）与理的把握以及评价意义上对价值的判断和确认，构成了彼此相关的两个方面。与赋予认识意义上的理性（心之“思”）以认知和评价双重内容一致，中国哲学对实践过程中的合理性也作了广义的理解，使之同时包含“情”与“理”二重涵义。以上二重趋向从不同的方面体现了中国哲学对广义理性的理解。进入近代以后，传统哲学对理性的理解依然得到某种延续。在这方面，梁漱溟的看法具有一定的代表性，他对“理性”的诠释，可以视为中国传统哲学的理性观念在近代的回响。
The Idea of Reason in Chinese Philosophy
Yang Guorong
Abstract: In Chinese philosophy, the reason reflected in “thinking” is primarily related to the “heart”. The “thinking” of heart both unfolds as specific activities, and has the contents of reason, Tao and etc. Viewing from the tendency of thought, the reason in the perspective of Chinese philosophy presents more dialectical nature. In this form of reason, the grasp of matter and reason in the cognitive meaning, as well as the judgment and confirmation of value in the evaluative meaning, constitute the two interrelated aspects. Consistent with giving the double contents of cognition and evaluation to the reason in the cognitive meaning, Chinese philosophy also provides generalized understanding to the rationality in the process of practice, making it contain the dual meaning of emotion and reason. Those two tendencies embody the understanding of generalized reason in Chinese philosophy from different aspects. Since the modern times, the understanding of reason in traditional philosophy had still been continued in some form. Liang Shuming’s interpretation of “rationality” is representative in that respect, which can be regarded as an echo of the idea of reason in traditional Chinese philosophy in the modern times.
