“陌生人”的位置——对“利他精神”的哲学前提性反思                                          

贺  来

摘要: “利他精神”成为可能的前提是“自我”和“自己人”之外的“陌生人”在价值伦理体系中获得应有的位置。“利他精神”的缺乏，正是我们的文化和社会所存在的最大缺陷之一。无论是在传统社会和文化中的“维系着私人的道德”，还是不完善的“市场经济”所催生的“自我主义”中，“陌生人”一直被边缘化，因而长期以来没有获得其应有的位置。二者之所以对“陌生人”采取拒斥和排挤态度，思想根源在于它们所坚执的“实体主义”的思想原则和“总体化”的思维定势，前者把抽象的“共同体”实体化与总体化，后者则把抽象的“自我”实体化和总体化。只有确立“为他人”的“个人主体性”观念，形成对人的全新的自我理解，我们才能在根本上拆除“自我”与“他人”之间的墙壁与藩篱，把“自我”的存在及其生存意义和幸福与“他人”内在地关联在一起。对“陌生”的“他人”的开放、尊重、承认与爱，是形成和塑造每一个“自我”主体人格的根本动力，也是构成其道德的深层源泉。以此种观念为基础，“利他精神”才能获得坚实的根基。

The Position of “Strangers”: a Reflection of the Philosophical Premise of Altruism                        

He Lai

Abstract: The premise that makes altruism become possible is that Strangers outside Me and Us occupy their proper position in the ethic and value system. In our society and culture in history, the position of Strangers is always be margined by traditional notion of ethics or by the egoism originated by market economy, which is a big problem of our society and culture. Only can we establish the idea “individual subjectivity for the other” and understand human being in a new way, we will not break up the barrier between Me and the Other, and connect them together. To open to Strangers and the Other ，mutual respect and recognition is the fundamental driving force to formulate the personality of each individual and also the deep source of moral axiom. We should establish this new idea of human being which makes altruism become possible.