飞鸟之影：浅议历史研究中的以静观动                                                            罗志田

对历史作切片式的静态观察，还是尽可能从静止的史料中探索贯注于其间的生命跃动，是两种不同的研究取向。从操作层面言，具体的研究基本是也只能是切片式的考察，但最好避免切片式的思考，尽可能呈现历史本身的动态。“飞鸟之影”类似于快速运动中紧急刹车式的静止，现象虽似凝固，仍可透视到动的姿态和精神。从影子看飞鸟，是一种以静观动的侧面进入之法。基于动态的观察，还要在表述时尽可能体现那种动中有静、静中有动的“若行若止”意态。

Shadow of Flying Birds: A Discussion of Observing Action through Inaction in Historical Studies        Luo Zhitian

   To make sliced static observation of history, or to explore as far as possible the liveliness of life through still historical materials, are two different approaches. In operation, concrete studies are basically and can only be sliced or sectional, yet it is best for researchers to avoid sectional reflections, and present the dynamic of history as much as possible. The “shadow of flying birds” is similar to a static state of emergency brake in fast movement. Although the phenomenon seems to be solidified, one still can grasp the active posture and spirit through it. Viewing flying birds through the shadow is a penetrating way of observing action through inaction. Based on dynamic observations, researchers should also try their best to reflect the modality that action and inaction containing in each other in the presentations.