逻辑方法还是伦理实践？——先秦儒墨“推类”思想辨析                                           李  巍

儒家与墨家时常提及的“推类”，是先秦“类”思想的重要议题。以往的研究，主要是从逻辑学的进路展开，将之解说为“类比推理”，有一定的合理性，但不可否认，这种解释也存在比附和外在性的缺陷。因为从文献来看，儒墨所谓“推”并不主要是推理、推论，而是实践性的推广；“类”亦不主要是宽泛的、形式化的类关系，而是特指正当行为与正当表达的类型。据此，与其将“推类”理解为“类比推理”的逻辑方法，不如说是一种伦理实践，其核心就是将某些场合中业已确立的正当言行，依其“类”而推广到其他场合中去。因之，“推类”将主要对语言、行为的正当性负责，而非为思维、推理的有效性服务。

Logical Method, or Ethical Practice? A Study of the “Genus Extension” Idea of Pre-Qin Confucianist and Mohist                           Li Wei

The “genus extension” often mentioned by Confucianist and Mohist is an important issue of the generic idea in the Pre-Qin times. Former studies mainly launched from the approach of logics, and it seems somehow reasonable to interprete it as “analogism”. Yet it cannot be denied that there is the defect of forced analogy and externality in this interpretation. Judging from the literature