隋代虞弘族属及其祆教信仰管窥 张金龙
《虞弘墓志》所载“鱼国”是指已经灭亡的茹茹（茹）国，即柔然游牧帝国；“尉纥?”为尉纥或袁纥、韦纥之省书，是指北魏高车（敕勒）六部之一的袁纥部。虞弘先世曾在柔然统治之下，后与其部落一起被征服或主动归降北魏，被安置在“尉纥?城”——位于六镇东部四镇辖区由袁纥部驻守的某一城戍。其祖父□奴栖以领民酋长身份参与北魏孝文帝末年（498）袁纥树者领导的叛魏行动并率领部民回到柔然境内，其父君陀（俟斤丘升头）后任茹茹国莫贺去汾达官并于521年至怀朔镇（朔州）迎接前一年逃亡北魏的柔然可汗阿那瓌。柔然灭亡前夕虞弘出使北齐时被扣，缘于突厥强大的压力和北方政局的急遽变化，虞弘等柔然遗民出于自保，遂以“鱼”姓替代“茹”姓，既而又改为“虞”姓。虞弘及其家族信奉祆教，不排除其年少出使波斯时接受祆教洗礼的可能性，但更可能是因为其所属部族原本就信奉祆教，北朝至隋代入华的柔然人信仰祆教有确切的文物证据，而高车人的历史及习俗显示，袁纥部或许早就接受了祆教信仰。
A Study of the Ethnic Background of Yu Hong in the Sui Dynasty and Their Zoroastrian Faith Zhang Jinlong
The Yu State recorded in “Epitaph for Yu Hong” refers to the extinct Ruru State, i.e. the nomadic country of Rouran; and Yuhe Lin City refers to Yuanhe Tribe, one of the six tribes of Gaoche (Tiele) in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yu Hong’s forefathers were once ruled by Rouran, and were conquered or surrendered to the Northern Wei with his tribe afterwards, being placed in Yuhe Lin City. His grandfather participated in the rebellion against the Northern Wei led by the leader of Yuanhe Tribe in 498 AD, and led his people back to Rouran. Afterwards, his father performed as an officer of Ruru, and went to Huaishuo Town (i.e. Shuozhou) to meet the Rouran Khan who escaped to the Northern Wei the previous year. On the eve of the extinction of Rouran, Yu Hong was detained when serving as an envoy to the Northern Qi Dynasty. Due to the great pressure from Tujue and dramatic change of political situation in the north, Yu Hong and other adherents of Rouran substituted the surname of “Yu” for “Ru” out of self-protection, and subsequently “Yu” instead. For Yu Hong and his clan believing in Zoroastrianism, the possibility that he accepted Zoroastrian baptism when going to Persia in his youth can not be ruled out, yet it is more likely that the tribe he belonged to believed in Zoroastrianism already. There are substantial evidence of cultural relics to prove that the Rouran people who entered China during the period from the Northern Dynaties to the Sui Dynasty belived in Zoroastrianism, and the history and custom of Gaoche people show that they might had accepted the Zoroastrian faith long ago.
