杨妙真新论——研究现状、基本事迹和评价问题

姜锡东

摘要：杨妙真早期是天下无敌的梨花枪武术高手，杨安国死后成为山东红袄军（忠义军）中与李全难分伯仲的最高领袖；虽迫于形势而率部投宋投蒙，但始终具有“山东本位”战略思想，寻求独立自主发展；晚期是蒙古“特进行山东淮南尚书省事”兼韬光养晦的道教全真教女冠；1252年卸任“行省”，李璮继任；嗣子李璮的叛蒙投宋，深受杨氏和李全影响。她是中国古代山东地区反抗民族压迫和阶级剥削的奇特女英雄，是妇女史上追求自保自立的杰出人物，但有严重历史局限和错误。杨妙真、李全等人及其山东红袄军惊心动魄的历史，折射出13世纪金朝、南宋、蒙古政府的许多重大失误，为后人留下不少血的教训。

关键词：杨妙真；李全；李璮；红袄军

A New Discussion of Yang Miaozhen: The State of Research, Basic Deeds, and an Evaluation           Jiang Xidong

In her early years, Yang Miaozhen was an invincible expert of pear-flower spear martial arts, and after the death of her elder brother Yang Anguo, she became the supreme leader of the Shandong Red Coat Army (i.e., Loyalty Army) equal to her husband Li Quan. Although the stress of circumstances brought her to surrender her army to the Song and Mongolian courts, Yang always kept the “Shandong standard” principle strategically in mind and sought independent development. In her later years, she was the “Special Departmental Clerk at Shandong and Huainan” as well as a female Taoist priest of Quanzhen Taoism. In A.D. 1252, she resigned the Departmental Clerk post, succeeded by her heir Li Tan. Li Tan’s defection to Mongolia and surrender to the Song Court was deeply influenced by Yang and Li Quan. Yang is a peculiar heroine who revolted against national oppression and class exploitation in ancient Shandong, as well as a prominent figure pursuing self-protection and autonomy; yet there still remain serious historical limitations and errors regarding her. The stirring history of Yang Miaozhen, Li Quan and others with their army reflects the great failures of the Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Court, and the Mongolian government in the thirteenth century, leaving many lessons written in blood for later generations.