寻求权威与秩序的统一

——以晚明阳明学之“明太祖情结”为中心的分析                         刘增光

晚明阳明学中杨复所、管东溟等儒者推崇明太祖，以心学为明太祖之思想作注释，以明太祖为比肩尧舜、超轶孔子的圣帝明王，他们的关注点主要涉及三教关系、孝悌与礼法、心学与道统等三个方面的内容。这种做法一方面可使阳明学政治化、体制化，具有官方学说的意味，另一方面则极大地削弱了阳明学对于现实政治的批判力度。后者尤其有违儒家之精神，阳明学何以走向没落亦可自此窥得端倪。从政治哲学的视角来看，阳明后学的明太祖情结正凸显出了心学对于秩序、自由与权威三者之间关系的思考，而这一思考其实自先秦儒学就已露出端倪。

Seeking the Unity of Authority and Order: The Ming Emperor Taizu Complex as Seen in the Yangming School during the Late Ming Dynasty

Liu Zengguang

In the Yangming school during the Late Ming Dynasty, scholars such as Yang Fusuo and Guan Dongming held Emperor Taizu of Ming in great esteem and attempted to interpret Taizu’s thought with the philosophy of mind. They thought Taizu was a sage-king who could be compared to the ancient Emperors Yao and Shun, as well as Confucius. In regard to this comparison, they paid attention to three aspects: the relationship between three teachings, filial piety and rites, philosophy of mind and Confucian orthodoxy. Through analyzing these aspects, we can find that, on the one hand, their interpretation of Taizu made the philosophy of mind politicalized and systemized which means the philosophy of mind attained an official role, and on the other hand undermined the strength of the philosophy of mind regarding criticizing the reality and politics. The latter one in particular is against the spirit of Confucianism, therefore, this point could be seen as a symbol of the collapse of Yangming School. From the perspective of political philosophy, the Ming thinkers’ worship of Taizu reflected their idea about the relationship among order, liberty and authority. And this kind of idea can be traced back to Confucianism since the pre-Qin period.