面子、人情的秩序功能及其当下变异                                         黄金兰

面子、人情曾在传统熟人社会中发挥出积极的秩序功能：面子不仅可以激励人们养成良好的行为习惯，也可以抑制其不良行为；人情在物质匮乏的年代承担着社会互助的功能，经由此种互助，人们之间还能形成一种紧密的社会团结。然而在当下，随着传统“熟人社会”的式微，这两种文化机制因生存土壤的改变而出现了功能上的变异，进而产生了一种反秩序的倾向。由于评价标准的日趋物质化，面子成了种种不当逐利行为的诱因，人们为了片面追求物质利益，甚至不惜以违法、犯罪为代价；面子运作的虚假化，不仅给人们的日常生活造成诸多不良影响，而且易导致公共权力的腐化。随着“礼尚往来”平衡的被打破，人情不再是社会互助与团结的纽带，甚至沦落为一种敛财或行贿的手段，充当着社会分裂的推手。曾经具有积极秩序功能的面子与人情，何以会在当下成为秩序的破坏者？当下社会舆论结构的变化，当是主要原因。

On The Functions and Variation of Face and Favors                                             Huang Jinlan

Face and favors, two important concepts in traditional Chinese society, had positive effects on social order. Face could not only stimulate good behaviors, but also avoid bad ones. Favors helped people build a relationship of mutual aid and achieve social solidarity. Nevertheless, the functions have changed in recent years as the acquaintance society declines, which brings bad influences on social order. With the evaluation system materializing, Face now acts as an inducement of illegal and criminal activities, and an impulse of power corruption as well. With the destruction of reciprocal balance, favors are not the link of social assistance and solidarity any more. On the contrary, it has been a mean of accumulating wealth or bribery, and the impetus of social split. And what makes these variations happened? The main reason lies in the change of social opinion field structure.