从“罕言夷”看孔子的民族观

——兼谈民族研究的理论自觉　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　奂平清

从对《论语》“子罕言利与命与仁”一章众多歧解的辨析可以发现，“子罕言利与命与夷”可以说是一种能“使古今人相悦而解”的解释。在春秋民族大迁徙大融合的时代，孔子对当时盛行的“华夷之辨”观念持理性、自觉而谨慎的态度，很少歧视性地谈论“夷狄”，体现出孔子顺应民族融合的社会运行大道、超越民族与文化畛域的民族观。正是孔子这种包容、一统的民族观，为中华民族从多元走向一体奠定了坚实的思想基础。孔子在民族问题上的文化自觉与理论自觉，对我们今天的民族研究有十分重要的启示意义。

A Study of Confucius’ Idea of Nationalities from “Rarely Speaking of the Barbarians”:

   With a Discussion of the Theoretical Consciousness in Ethnic Studies                          Huan Pingqing

   In the ambiguous sentence in The Analects of Confucius that “the Master rarely spoke of profit or Heaven or perfect virtue,” the word “perfect virtue” could also be interpreted as “barbaric nationalities.” In the times of great migration and integration of ethnic groups during the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius held a rational, conscious, and cautious attitude toward the “discrimination between Huaxia and Yidi,” so he rarely discussed “barbaric nationalities” disparagingly, which showed his national concept conforming to the trend of ethnic integration, and transcending national and cultural boundaries. Such an inclusive and unifying idea laid a solid ideological foundation for the Chinese nation stepping from persity to unification. His cultural and theoretical consciousness on ethnic problem is still revealing for present ethnic studies.