马克思主义中国化与中国多民族国家的现代重构

邹诗鹏

摘要：马克思对古典自由主义的批判，蕴涵着对单一民族国家及其民族国家观的批判，马克思主义东扩则带来激进的民族独立与解放运动，包括带来现代中国的独立与解放。中国有着独特的中华民族多元一体的格局及其传统，因而其多民族国家建构不可能延续前苏联模式。在近世以来的中国政治资源中，自由主义以及保守主义都有民族国家之诉求，中国化的马克思主义则自觉地批判了这一诉求，努力实现中华统一多民族国家的现代重构，并且在改革开放之后依然得以延续，这使得中国不可能重蹈前苏联之覆辙。现代中国多民族国家的重构，既从属于马克思主义中国化的历史逻辑，也是中华民族传统现代转化的必然结果。

关键词：马克思主义中国化；民族国家；多民族国家；国族；民族主义

Indigenized Marxism and the Modern Reconstruction of a Multi-ethnic China                               Zou Shipeng

Marx’s critique of classical liberalism contains criticism of the view of single-national states and nation-states generally. The eastward transmission of Marxism brought radical national independence and liberation movements, including the independence and liberation of modern China. Yet because of China’s unique pattern of one multi-ethnic unity, it could not follow the model of the Soviet Union in the construction of a modern multi-ethnic country. In modern China, both liberalism and conservatism appeal to the nation-state, but indigenized Chinese Marxism consciously criticizes this appeal, continually devoting itself to the modern reconstruction of a multi-ethnic country, an approach continued after 1978, which makes China unlikely to repeat the mistakes of the former Soviet Union. Reconstructing modern China as a multi-ethnic country accords with the historical logic of indigenous Marxism in China, and also carries with it the reasonable consequence of modernizing Chinese tradition.