在效用与历史之间——休谟合法性思想析论      刘  洋 张  铭

合法性思想是休谟政治理论的重要组成部分，却长期受到不应有的忽视。休谟明确拒绝了当时占主导地位的契约论与君权神授论两种合法性证明范式，在其哲学心理学的基础上，提出历史效用论的合法性证明。在休谟的合法性思想之中，效用是建立在自然主义基础之上的公共效用，历史则与其认识论所提出的习惯机制紧密相关。休谟认为效用是合法性的根本动机，历史是获得这种动机的过程与条件。在不违背效用的前提下，历史有时也能够直接赋予政府以合法性。休谟的合法性思想具有经验而非先验、功能导向而非形式符合、条件意识而非唯意志论、演化论而非理性主义的特征。休谟的合法性思想在历史上得到持续回响，至今仍具有时代价值。

Between Utility and History: A Discussion of Hume’s Legitimacy Theory                    Liu Yang, Zhang Ming

As one important part of Hume’s political ideas, the idea of legitimacy, has been long ignored, which should not have happened. Hume explicitly rejected two paradigms which are used to prove the validity of the legitimacy: the theory of contract which was the dominant theory at that time, and the thought of the divine right of the kings. On the basis of philosophical psychology, Hume put forward the theory of the utility of history. In Hume’s legitimacy writings, utility is the public utility which is built on the basis of the naturalism, and history is closely connected with the habit mechanism which is one part of his epistemology. In Hume’s thoughts, utility is the underlying motive of legitimacy. History is the process and conditions to obtain such motivation. In the premise of not violating utility, history can sometimes directly confer the legitimacy on the government. The characteristics of the Hume’s thoughts are that they are experiential not transcendental, function oriented and not consistent with the form, the sense of conditions and not the voluntarism, the theory of evolution and not the rationalism. The legitimacy theory of Hume is fundamentally different from liberalism, which still has the important value of the times up to now.