盛唐文士与魏晋风度——以杜甫及其《饮中八仙歌》为中心           仲  瑶

作为传统士人人格生成、演进的一个重要阶段，盛唐文士独特个性气质和行为方式的形成与魏晋六朝以来名士风度的延续渊源密切。杜甫脱略狂简的个性以及嗜酒、善谑、幽栖等种种行为作派即与魏晋名士尤其是以嵇、阮为代表的竹林名士有着直接的渊源。其《饮中八仙歌》是盛唐文士受魏晋名士风度影响的一个最集中体现。“八仙”的个性、风貌特征以及嗜酒、高谈、傲视王侯等种种行为方式也以魏晋名士以及《世说新语》为模仿对象，但其中的“狂”态又是典型盛唐式的。它的创作与此期涌现出的一批极具名士风度同时又是新进士群体主要干谒对象的朝臣人物有着直接关系，置身风气之中的杜甫敏锐地捕捉并以其生花妙笔记录下了这一独特的时代精神风貌。

Literati of the Prosperous Tang Dynasty and Demeanor in the Wei-Jin Period:

  Centered on Du Fu and His Poem “Song of Eight Drinking Immortals”                           Zhong Yao

  As an important phase in generation and evolution of traditional intellectual personality, the formation of the unique temperament and behavior of literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty continued from the demeanor since the Wei, Jin, and Six Dynasties to a great extent. Du Fu’s unrestrained, ambitious individuality, and his behaviors of being fond of drinking, joking, and dwelling in seclusion had direct relation with Wei-Jin scholars, especially “sages of the bamboo grove” represented by Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. His poem “Song of Eight Drinking Immortals” is a typical example. The individuality and style of “eight immortals” as well as their behavior such as drinking, joking, and disdaining the nobility all imitated Wei-Jin scholars and Legend of the Times, and meanwhile, their “conceited” manners were the typical style of the Tang Dynasty. The creation of such a poem had a direct relation with a batch of elegant courtiers emerging in this period who were prime targets that the newly awarded Jinshi wanted to visit. Du Fu just subtly caught the unique spirituality of his own time, and recorded it with fantastic description.